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Chest Pain: A Comprehensive Overview

Chest pain is a common symptom that can be caused by a variety of conditions, some of which can be life-threatening. While often associated with...

Coarctation of the Aorta: A Comprehensive Guide

Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is a congenital heart defect characterized by a narrowing of the aorta, the primary artery that supplies oxygen-rich...

Congenital Heart Defects in Children: A Comprehensive Insight

Heart defects present at birth, known as congenital heart defects, are some of the most common birth abnormalities affecting children worldwide....

Congenital Heart Defects in Adults: An In-depth Look

With advances in medical technology, children with congenital heart defects (CHDs) are living longer and leading fuller lives, translating to a...

Diabetic Nephropathy (Kidney Disease): An In-depth Analysis

Diabetic nephropathy, commonly known as diabetic kidney disease, is a serious kidney-related complication of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. It refers...

Ebstein Anomaly: A Comprehensive Guide

Ebstein anomaly is a rare heart defect that's present at birth (congenital). The condition, primarily affecting the tricuspid valve, can lead to...

Understanding Endothelial Dysfunction

Endothelial dysfunction pertains to impaired functioning or damage to the endothelium, which is the inner lining of blood vessels. This state is...

Erectile Dysfunction: Causes, Prevention, and Treatment

Erectile Dysfunction (ED), commonly known as impotence, is the consistent inability to achieve or sustain an erection of the penis adequate for...

Coronary Artery Spasm: A Comprehensive Understanding

Coronary Artery Spasm (CAS) refers to a temporary, sudden narrowing (spasm) of one of the coronary arteries. This narrowing restricts blood flow to...