Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a common heart valve disorder affecting millions of people worldwide. It occurs when the valve between the left atrium and left ventricle of the heart, known as the mitral valve, bulges into the atrium during contraction. While MVP is often harmless and asymptomatic, it’s important to understand its causes, symptoms, and potential complications.

Definition

The mitral valve is a two-flap structure that ensures the unidirectional flow of blood from the left atrium to the left ventricle. In MVP, the valve leaflets bulge back into the atrium, creating a floppy appearance. This abnormal valve movement can cause the valve to leak, leading to a condition called mitral regurgitation.

Symptoms

Many people with MVP do not experience any symptoms. However, when present, symptoms may include:

• Palpitations or irregular heartbeats
• Shortness of breath, particularly during physical activity
• Chest pain, unrelated to coronary artery disease
• Fatigue or lightheadedness
• Anxiety or panic attacks

In some cases, MVP can lead to mitral regurgitation, where the valve allows blood to flow backward into the left atrium. Symptoms of mitral regurgitation may include cough, swelling of the legs, or heart failure.

Causes

MVP can occur due to various factors:

1. Genetics: MVP can run in families, indicating a genetic predisposition.
2. Connective Tissue Disorders: Conditions like Marfan syndrome can affect the body’s connective tissue, including the heart valves.
3. Age-Related Changes: As people age, the valve leaflets may become thickened or elongated, leading to prolapse.
4. Other Causes: Rheumatic fever, coronary artery disease, and certain medications may also contribute to MVP development.

Risk Factors

While MVP can affect anyone, certain factors may increase the risk:

• Family history of MVP
• History of connective tissue disorders
• Being female
• Age (MVP is more common in younger individuals)
• Presence of other heart valve disorders

Prevention and Management

There’s no specific way to prevent MVP, but adopting a heart-healthy lifestyle can help manage symptoms and reduce the risk of complications:

• Regular Check-Ups: If you have MVP, it’s crucial to have regular check-ups to monitor your heart’s condition.
• Physical Activity: Engage in regular, moderate exercise, but consult your doctor before starting a new exercise program.
• Healthy Diet: Eat a balanced diet with whole grains, fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and healthy fats.
• Limit Caffeine: Caffeine can trigger palpitations, so it’s wise to limit caffeine intake.
• Manage Stress: Practice relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, meditation, or yoga to help manage stress and anxiety.
• Avoid Smoking: Smoking can damage the heart and blood vessels, increasing the risk of heart disease.

When to See a Doctor

If you experience symptoms of MVP or mitral regurgitation, it’s essential to seek medical attention. Additionally, if you have a family history of MVP, connective tissue disorders, or other risk factors, regular check-ups are recommended.

During a physical examination, your doctor may hear a heart murmur through a stethoscope, indicating MVP. Further tests such as an echocardiogram, electrocardiogram, or chest X-ray may be necessary for a definitive diagnosis.

Mitral valve prolapse is a common heart valve disorder that often goes unnoticed. While it may not cause significant health issues for most people, it’s essential to be aware of its symptoms, causes, and risk factors. Regular check-ups, a heart-healthy lifestyle, and managing any associated symptoms are key to living well with MVP.